Vector Databases

Specialized databases optimized for storing and searching vector embeddings using similarity search

What are Vector Databases?

A vector database is a specialized database designed to store, index, and search high-dimensional vector embeddings efficiently. Unlike traditional databases that search by exact matches, vector databases use similarity search to find the most relevant results.

Vector databases are essential for RAG systems because they enable fast, semantic search across large collections of documents, making it possible to find relevant information even when queries don't match exact keywords.

Open Source Vector Databases

Qdrant

High-performance vector database written in Rust. Excellent for production use with both open-source and cloud options.

  • • Self-hosted or cloud
  • • Fast similarity search
  • • Good documentation
  • • REST and gRPC APIs

Weaviate

Open-source vector database with built-in ML models. Can run as a managed service or self-hosted.

  • • GraphQL API
  • • Built-in vectorization
  • • Multi-tenancy support
  • • Active community

Milvus

Open-source vector database designed for scalable similarity search and AI applications.

  • • Highly scalable
  • • Cloud-native architecture
  • • Supports billions of vectors
  • • Python, Java, Go SDKs

Chroma

Lightweight, embeddable vector database perfect for getting started quickly.

  • • Simple Python API
  • • Easy to integrate
  • • Good for prototyping
  • • Can run in-process or as a server

FAISS (Facebook AI Similarity Search)

Library for efficient similarity search and clustering of dense vectors. More of a library than a full database.

  • • Extremely fast
  • • C++ with Python bindings
  • • Used by many production systems
  • • Requires more setup than managed solutions

Free & Managed Options

Pinecone

Fully managed vector database with a generous free tier. Great for getting started without infrastructure management.

  • • Free tier available
  • • Fully managed (no servers)
  • • Simple API
  • • Auto-scaling

Supabase Vector (pgvector)

PostgreSQL extension for vector similarity search. Available in Supabase's free tier.

  • • Free tier available
  • • Built on PostgreSQL
  • • Familiar SQL interface
  • • Integrated with Supabase ecosystem

Qdrant Cloud

Managed Qdrant with a free tier. Same powerful engine as open-source Qdrant but fully managed.

  • • Free tier available
  • • Same performance as self-hosted
  • • No infrastructure management
  • • Easy scaling

Weaviate Cloud

Managed Weaviate with free tier options. Includes built-in vectorization capabilities.

  • • Free tier available
  • • Built-in ML models
  • • GraphQL interface
  • • Managed infrastructure

Enterprise Vector Databases

Pinecone Enterprise

Enterprise-grade managed vector database with advanced features, SLAs, and dedicated support.

  • • High availability & SLAs
  • • Advanced security & compliance
  • • Dedicated support
  • • Custom deployments

Milvus Enterprise

Enterprise version of Milvus with additional features, support, and deployment options.

  • • Enterprise support
  • • Advanced monitoring
  • • Multi-region deployments
  • • Enhanced security features

Weaviate Enterprise

Enterprise features for Weaviate including advanced security, compliance, and support.

  • • Enterprise support
  • • Advanced security
  • • Compliance certifications
  • • Custom integrations

AWS OpenSearch (with k-NN)

Amazon's managed search service with vector search capabilities, part of the AWS ecosystem.

  • • Integrated with AWS services
  • • Enterprise-grade infrastructure
  • • Pay-as-you-go pricing
  • • Full-text + vector search

Azure Cognitive Search

Microsoft's search-as-a-service with vector search capabilities, integrated with Azure services.

  • • Azure ecosystem integration
  • • Enterprise security & compliance
  • • Hybrid search (keyword + vector)
  • • Managed service

Choosing the Right Vector Database

For Getting Started

Start with Pinecone or Supabase Vector for their free tiers and ease of use. No infrastructure to manage.

For Self-Hosted Open Source

Qdrant or Chroma are excellent choices. Qdrant for performance, Chroma for simplicity.

For Enterprise Needs

Consider Pinecone Enterprise, Milvus Enterprise, or cloud provider solutions like AWS OpenSearch for compliance, SLAs, and support.

For PostgreSQL Users

If you're already using PostgreSQL, Supabase Vector (pgvector) integrates seamlessly and avoids adding another database to your stack.

Learn More

Understanding how vectors and similarity search work will help you choose the right vector database for your needs.

See how vector databases fit into RAG systems and our development methodology.